Measles is a highly contagious viral infection with severe health consequences, especially for young children. While it was once considered eradicated in the United States due to widespread vaccination, outbreaks have resurfaced recently, mainly due to declining vaccination rates. Protecting your child from measles is crucial, and understanding the symptoms, risks, and vaccination schedule can help keep your family safe.
What is Measles?
Measles is caused by the measles virus. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can live in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours, making it extremely contagious. If exposed, unvaccinated individuals have a 90% chance of contracting the disease.
Symptoms of Measles
Measles symptoms appear 10-14 days after exposure and progress in stages:
- Initial Symptoms: High fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis).
- Koplik’s Spots: Small white spots inside the mouth are a telltale sign of measles.
- Full-Body Rash: A red, blotchy rash that starts at the hairline and spreads downward, often accompanied by a high fever.
Measles can lead to serious complications, including:
- Pneumonia (a leading cause of measles-related deaths in young children)
- Encephalitis (brain swelling that can cause permanent damage or death)
- Severe diarrhea and dehydration
- Ear infections that can result in permanent hearing loss
How to Protect Your Child: The Measles Vaccination Schedule
The best way to prevent measles is through the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is safe and highly effective. According to Martha L. Blum, MD, PhD, Medical director, Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship at Montage Health, immunity after MMR vaccination is life-long. Dr. Blum stresses that the MMR vaccine is 97% effective against measles. In addition, the 3% of vaccinated persons who may become infected after an exposure have milder symptoms.
The CDC recommends the following vaccination schedule:
- First Dose: At 12-15 months of age
- Second Dose: At 4-6 years of age
If traveling internationally, infants as young as 6 months may receive an early dose, but they will still need the two regular doses later.
Additional Ways to Prevent Measles
- Ensure your child is fully vaccinated.
- Avoid contact with individuals who are infected or unvaccinated.
- Practice good hygiene, including frequent handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes.
- If you suspect measles, isolate the infected person and seek medical attention immediately.
The Bottom Line
Measles is a preventable but dangerous disease that poses serious risks to children. The MMR vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect your child and the community. Staying up to date on vaccinations and recognizing symptoms early can make all the difference in keeping your family healthy. If you have any concerns about vaccination, consult your pediatrician for guidance.
For families without a family physician, reach out to the County of Monterey Health Department for information on the county immunization program. https://www.countyofmonterey.gov/government/departments-a-h/health/public-health/monterey-county-immunization-program
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